Itching and burning in the vagina or vulva may occur at any age and be very uncomfortable. They can be caused by many factors, such as infections, hormones, irritation and a weakened immune system. The information below discusses common causes, safe remedies at home to alleviate symptoms and practical ways of preventing the problem. If symptoms do not resolve or become more severe or if any unusual discharge or fever occurs, medical evaluation is needed.
Causes and symptoms
Common causes
> Yeast infection/bacterial infection (including BV or bacterial vaginosis)
> Sexually transmitted infections
> Hormone changes (such as menopause)
> Chemical irritation due to soaps, perfumes or detergents.
> Low resistance, stress or uncommon infestations in children
Typical symptoms
> Longstanding (or chronic) itching or burning of the vulva and vagina
> Redness, swelling and/or soreness of the surface tissue and skin of the body and its appendages indicating possible infection.
> Abnormal vaginal discharge
> Pain when urinating or during sex
Important safety note
The use of home remedies may help relieve symptoms temporarily but should not be used as a substitute for a medical diagnosis. Seek medical attention for severe, recurrent or if unusual odor, heavy discharge, fever or pelvic pain are present, for proper testing and treatment.
10 simple home remedies
Please note: The following are just 10 simple home remedies to help with itching and burning.
1. Apple cider vinegar (ACV)
Why it is helpful: A good amount of ACV has mild antibacterial and antifungal properties; if applied properly, the pH level may be balanced.
Use: Take 2 tablespoons of unfiltered ACV and dilute in 1 cup of warm water and apply it as a very light rinse on the outside. If well tolerated, use a diluted mix (1 tablespoon of ACV in 1 cup of warm water with 1 teaspoon of honey) one or two times a day.
Cautions: Avoid use of undiluted vinegar on mucous membranes; discontinue if irritation worsens.
2. Cold compress
How it works: Cold slows the action of the nerves and inflammation so that intense itching is relieved quickly.
Use: Place ice or a cold pack in a sufficient amount of clean cloth and then wrap it around the external area and use it for short periods of time (approx. 30 sec) for short durations. Repeat as needed.
Cautions: Do not put ice directly on the skin.
3. Saline (salt) soaks
Why it helps: Salted water can help to ease irritation and provide conditions that are less conducive to certain microbes.
How to use: Dissolve about 1 tablespoon of salt in 1 cup of warm water and use as an external rinse. To ensure complete relief, 1/2 cup salt may be added to sitz or warm baths and left to bathe twice a day for 10-15 minutes each.
Cautions: Do not use salt with medication in it; discontinue use if it is stinging or irritating.
4. Plain, unsweetened yoghurt (probiotics)
The reason it may help: Live Culture yogurt has helpful bacteria, which can help restore the balance of flora in the vagina.
Use: Regular yogurt consumption is beneficial to gut microbiome and likely vaginal microbiome. There are those who wipe their external genitalia with a clean cotton swab soaked in a gunk which is yogurt, but only for brief periods; and those who don't push anything too far inside the vagina without medical recommendation.
Cautions: Use unsweetened, live-culture yogurt; discontinue if symptoms worsen.
5. Dietary caution: Garlic; Topical caution: Garlic.
How it works: Garlic possesses natural antimicrobial properties and can help support immunity.
How to use: Eating raw or cooked garlic may be helpful. Some reduce garlic oil with an external oil before applying briefly to the skin.
Cautions: Garlic may directly irritate and burn mucous membranes and be strong. Before use topically, consult with clinician.
6. Use a neem or eucalyptus (antiseptic plants)
How it works: The microbial growth of traditionally used antiseptic plants such as neem or eucalyptus can be reduced, and they can calm the inflammation.
How to use: Cool the herb, strain out the seeds and use the strained liquid for a herbal rinse, or dilute the eucalyptus oil in warm water a few drops to use for external rinsing.
Note: Essential oils should be tested for 1st on a small area of skin and used externally only and should be diluted. Avoid if allergic.
7. Kefir (fermented drink)
Why it helps: The kefir contains probiotics like yogurt and can help maintain healthy flora.
Use: Take 1–2 cups per day as a general tonic. There are several different ways people use small balls of cotton that have been soaked in kefir externally for short amounts of time, the best being internal consumption.
Cautions: Do not insert internally unless under a doctor's supervision.
8. Raw honey (unpasteurized)
How it helps: Unpasteurized honey contains antimicrobial properties that likely help combat diseases and can also help soothe the irritation on the outside.
Application: Thin application to the exterior, after a short period of time, rinse. If necessary, use 1-2 teaspoons of water once or twice a day.
Cautions: Pure, high-quality honey, not to be used internally unless advised by a practitioner.
9. Unsweetened cranberry
How it works: Cranberry acidifies urine and can help to lower irritation of the urinary tract and some types of bacterial growth that irritate it.
Use: Take unsweetened cranberry juice (1-2 cups per day) or eat cranberries, following directions for use on commercial products.
Warnings: Cranberry is more beneficial for urinary related problems than vaginal infections, so be aware of kidney problems and if taking blood thinners.
10. Boric acid is recommended (medical caution).
How it works: Boric acid has antifungal and antibacterial properties and can be used to treat resistant yeast infections.
How to use: Under medical supervision, some medical protocols use boric acid suppositories.
Cautions: Boric acid can be harmful if not used properly. Keep from applying undiluted or using without instructions of a health care provider. Avoid during pregnancy.
few practical advice
A few practical pieces of information and advice on hygiene and way of life.
> Do not let the area get damp or dampened; water may aggravate symptoms.
> Dry from front to back after going to the toilet.
> Use light cotton underwear; stay away from restrictive synthetic underwear.
> Avoid using bubble baths, soaps with perfume and perfumed sanitary products.
> Apply only mild, perfume free cleaners to outer skin.
> Sex should be avoided during the time when you are ill in order to avoid aggravation and transmission.
> Limit sugars and generally consume vitamin C rich foods for immunity.
> Control stress, sleep well — both are important to maintaining immunity.
When to get medical attention
> Severe pain, temperature or copious foul-smelling discharge
> Failure to improve with home treatment
> STI Suspected
> Pregnancy and/or pregnancy planning
Request an evaluation if in any doubt, then it is appropriate to be diagnosed (may be done with swabs, microscopy or lab tests), which enables the clinician to prescribe the appropriate course of treatment.
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